Polly wants a pillow.

At first I thought I could not possibly make a joke about pillows/cushions, but I realized I could. And I won't. Progress? Possibly.

Maria's inventory lists a few cushions.

• -3 vrouwen matte stoulen mit een mans groene stoul ende 3 roode zitcussenen (3 women’s reed chairs with a green man’s chair and 3 red seat cushions)
• 2 roode zitcussens mit papegaeyen (2 red pillows with parrots); 
• - 3 cleyne blaeuwe zitcussens (3 small blue cushions);
• - 2 bancwercsche cussens mit 2 groote blauwe cussens (2 bench cushions with 2 large blue cushions); 
• - 3 oude bancwercsche zitcussens (3 old bench cushions)

At first I was just going to make red seat cushions but how could I say no to parrots? Easily. I hate parrots. My friends parrot bit me on my finger unprovoked when I was in college. It hurt. But maybe this will help the healing begin?

Once again, I turned to the English summary of cushions Textiel in Context by Hanna Zimmerman. I learned:

• a nearly whole cushion was found and it was decorated with appliques
• cushion was likely 50cm x 50cm or a bit smaller than 20x20. 
• appliques on outer area had been outlined with linen thread
• appliques are both 2/2 twills and 2/1 twills as well as tabby woven
• back of the cushion was a tapestry weave but it's gone because the linen warp had decayed
• feathers were not present in an incomplete pillow, but were present in 2 other finds. 

I requested Zimmerman's article, Sixteenth Century Appliques from NESAT IX and got some more detail than what was listed in the English summary in the book. 

• The center lacks the regular pattern present on the border
• the center appliques were crudely cut out and the stitching lacks the refinement of the border. My stitching can be as coarse as my language!
• One of the center strips is selvedge
• the border motifs have couched woolen yarn used as diagonals in the rosettes and along the length of the leaves
• motifs possibly outlined with couch linen yarn
• the center and the border featured embroidered little stars mixed in among the appliques

Maria's inventory leaves a lot to be desired when it comes to materials listed. Red, but what material? Going off of what I have learned so far about textile production in the Low Countries in the 16th century and Maria's socio-economic status, I am going to use a madder red wool broadcloth for the front of the pillow. This is backed up by the color and fiber analysis of the find in Groningen, though dye contamination from the materials being in contact with each other under ground is also a possibility.

• background (i.e. cushion) contained red dyes of madder (red)
• long strips in the border also red
• one of the central strips contained mainly weld (yellow), 
• the other central contained red and yellow and indigotin (from woad), and was probably brown or russet
• the twill rosettes contained madder and weld and were probably orange
• the other rosette was madder, weld, and woad (russet)
• only two of the leaf shapes were analyzed and one was a yellowish orange, the other russet.

Because madder was found in all fragments, it's possible the madder from the cushion contaminated the other pieces. If this is the case the colors of the appliques would have been different.

The largely intact extant find from Groningen has an outer border and an inner frame of 2cm wide wool strips and I have remnants of a gold twill that would look amazing on the red, or I will use a teal wool twill tape that is 3/4" wide. I will applique a parrot in the middle of the cushion in the inner frame and I will use blue, teal, and green wool remnants. I will attach the appliques to the cushion using a linen thread. Between the inner and the outer frame I will applique leaves and rosettes like the extant find. I will use green for the leaves. For the rosettes I'd like to use a cream or white wool. I'll couch them down using wool thread. 

 Enjoy this crude drawing of my plans - I'm a pretty terrible artist. 

With the help of the Elizabethan Costuming group on Facebook I was bombarded with extant images of 16th century embroidered parrots. I was still holding out for an applique parrot and I hit the jackpot while perusing the V&A online and found an applique parrot who is hiding in the left corner of this bench cushion cover.

Item T.80-1946 from the V&A.